Jean-Jacques Rousseau's The Social Contract is a cornerstone of Western political philosophy, with its central idea being the "social contract" — the notion that people voluntarily agree to form society and establish a state to protect their freedom and rights. This work holds profound enlightenment for modern society in terms of democracy, freedom, equality, and civic responsibility.

1. The Balance of Freedom and Obedience

Rousseau argued that humans voluntarily enter into a social contract to escape the chaos and oppression of the natural state, surrendering some freedom to the state in exchange for social order and security. In modern society, the relationship between individuals and the state remains a balance of freedom and obedience. True freedom is not unrestricted but is founded on the respect for social rules and the rights of others.

2. The Pursuit of Equality and Justice

Rousseau emphasized that the purpose of the social contract is to achieve equality and justice. He proposed the idea of "sovereignty residing with the people," meaning that the power of the state derives from the collective will of the people. In modern society, equality and justice remain core values. Whether in economic distribution, social welfare, or political participation, equality must be the foundation to ensure fair opportunities and rights for everyone.

3. Civic Responsibility and Participation

Rousseau believed that citizens are not only members of the state but also its masters. Every citizen has a responsibility to participate in public affairs and collectively maintain social fairness and order. In modern society, civic responsibility and participation are particularly important. Whether through voting, social activities, or volunteering, active citizen participation is a vital driving force for social progress.

4. Reflections on Nature and Civilization

Rousseau explored the opposition between the natural state and civilized society in The Social Contract. He argued that while civilization brings convenience, it may also lead to the alienation of human nature and moral decline. In modern society, people need to reflect on whether technological development and material pursuits have deviated from the essence of humanity and seek a balance between nature and civilization.